CONTENTS of FISRP From headings 13 January 2017. PREFACE My Journey Dooyeweerd in Academic Life Why This Book Aim of Book About This Book Influences on Me How I Wrote This Book Acknowledgements Trademarks References PART I CHAPTER 1. INTRODUCTION §1-1. ABOUT THIS BOOK §1-2. PRACTICE §1-2.1 What is Practice? §1-2.2 Everyday Experience §1-2.3 Guiding and Understanding Everyday Practice §1-3. RESEARCH §1-4. INFORMATION SYSTEMS §1-4.1 An Integrative View §1-4.2 The Approach Taken Here §1-4.3 Five Areas of Interest §1-4.4 Some Cross-Area Issues §1-5. FOUNDATIONS §1-5.1 Current View of Foundations of IS §1-5.2 A Single Unitary Framework? §1-6. CONTENTS OF BOOK REFERENCES CHAPTER 2. PHILOSOPHIES §2-1. WHY PHILOSOPHY IS IMPORTANT §2-5.1 Roles and Types of Philosophy §2-1.2 Views about Philosophy §2-2. APPLICATION OF PHILOSOPHY IN ICT AND INFORMATION SYSTEMS §2-2.1 Philosophical Discussions in Information Systems §2-2.2 Philosophical Issues in ICT and Information Systems §2-3. DOOYEWEERD'S PHILOSOPHY REFERENCES CHAPTER 3. DOOYEWEERD'S PHILOSOPHY §3-1. EVERYDAY EXPERIENCE AND MEANINGFULNESS: DOOYEWEERD'S STARTING POINTS §3-1.1 Starting-point 1: Everyday Experience and the Pre-theoretical Attitude of Thought §3-1.2 Starting-point 2: Meaningfulness §3-1.2.1 Kinds of Meaning §3-1.2.2 Treatment of Meaning in Philosophy §3-1.2.3 Dooyeweerd's Understanding of Meaning, and the Metaphor of Ocean of Meaningfulness §3-1.2.4 The Diversity and Coherence of Meaningfulness §3-1.2.5 An Initial Look at Diversity §3-1.2.6 Overview §3-2. CHALLENGES FOR, AND IN, PHILOSOPHY §3-2.1 Problems in Philosophy: the Immanence Standpoint §3-2.2 Ground-motives §3-2.3 Problems with Dualistic Ground-motives §3-2.4 Dooyeweerd's Adoption of the Biblical Ground-motive §3-3. REINTERPRETING SUBJECT-OBJECT AND TIME §3-3.1 Law, Subject and Object §3-3.1.1 Law as Oceanic Enabler of Functioning §3-3.1.2 A New Idea of Subject and Object §3-3.1.3 On limitations in functioning §3-3.2 Time and Progress §3-4. THEORETICAL THINKING, PHILOSOPHY AND RESEARCH §3-4.1 The Nature of Theoretical Thought §3-4.1.1 The Kantian Gulf §3-4.1.2 Theoretical Thought as Part of Reality §3-4.2 Dooyeweerd's Immanent Critique of the History of Western Theoretical Thought §3-4.3 Dooyeweerd's Transcendental Critiques of Theoretical Thought §3-4.3.1 Dooyeweerd's Second Transcendental Critique of Theoretical Thought §3-4.3.2 Preparing to Understand Three Transcendental Problems §3-4.3.3 The Starting Question §3-4.3.4 First Transcendental Problem (TP1): Abstraction, Thinker and World §3-4.3.5 Second Transcendental Problem (TP2): Theoretical Synthesis and Multiple Rationalities §3-4.3.6 Third Transcendental Problem (TP3): Grounds of Critical Self-Reflection §3-4.4 Reflection on the Above §3-5. GROUND-IDEAS, PHILOSOPHIES, SCIENCES AND DISCIPLINES §3-5.1 Dooyeweerd's Notion of Three-Part Ground-Idea §3-5.2. Sciences, Fields, Disciplines and Paradigms §3-5.2.1 Fields of Interest §3-5.2.2 Paradigms §3-5.3 Reflection §3-6. HOW TO DELINEATE SPHERES OF MEANINGFULNESS (ASPECTS) §3-6.1 Comparison with Other Suites of Aspects §3-6.2 Delineation of Aspects §3-6.3 Advantages of Dooyeweerd's Suite §3-7. WHAT ARE ASPECTS? PHILOSOPHICAL ATTRIBUTES OF ASPECTS §3-7.1 Aspects as Ocean of Meaningfulness §3-7.2 Grasped by Intuition §3-7.3 Aspectual Irreducibility and Categories §3-7.4 The Coherence of Aspects §3-7.4.1 Aspectual simultaneity §3-7.4.2 No conflict among aspects §3-7.4.3 Inter-aspect analogy §3-7.4.4 Inter-aspect dependency §3-7.4.5 The Order of Aspects §3-7.4.6 Aspectual Targets and Reaching-out §3-7.5 Aspectual Normativity: Good and Evil §3-8. ASPECTS ENABLING CONCRETE REALITY §3-8.1 Aspects as Modes of Being and Rationality §3-8.2 Distinct Ways of Functioning §3-8.3 Multi-aspectual Functioning §3-8.4 Ways of Knowing §3-8.5 Ethics §3-9. DOOYEWEERD'S UNDERSTANDING OF EXISTENCE AND THINGS §3-9.1 Everyday Experience of Things §3-9.2 Existence as Meaningfulness §3-9.3 The Multi-aspectual Structure of Things §3-9.4 Type Laws §3-9.5 Types of Thing §3-9.6 Structural Relationships §3-9.6.1 The Part-Whole Relationship §3-9.6.2 Enkaptic Relationships §3-9.6.3 Social Relationships and Institutions §3-10. CONCLUSION REFERENCES CHAPTER 4. FOUNDATIONS, RESEARCH AND PRACTICE §4-1. ENGAGING WITH EXTANT THEORY AND PHILOSOPHY §4-1.1 Why Kuyper's Antithesis is not Where I Started §4-1.2 Engaging with Thought that Takes a Contrary Standpoint §4-1.3 A More Fruitful Approach: Listening, Affirming, Critiquing, Enriching §4-2. EXAMPLE: INFORMATION SYSTEMS RESEARCH APPROACHES §4-2.1 Listen: Discourses on Research Approaches §4-2.2 Critique, Affirm: Paradigm Incommensurability §4-2.3 Affirm and Enrich: Integration §4-3. THE ACTIVITY OF RESEARCH §4-4. RESEARCH AND REFLECTIVE PRACTICE USING DOOYEWEERD §4-4.1 Dooyeweerd-oriented Research §4-4.2 Aspectual Analysis §4-4.2.1 Using aspects in practical situations §4-4.2.2 Using aspects while interviewing §4-4.2.3 Qualitative aspectual analysis §4-4.2.4 Quantitative aspectual analysis §4-5. CONCLUSION REFERENCES PART II. CHAPTER 5. THE NATURE OF INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGY §5-1. INTRODUCTION: "WHAT IS?" §5-2. WHAT IS TECHNOLOGY? §5-2.1 Philosophy of Technology §5-2.2 Heidegger's View of Technology §5-2.3 Affirming, Critiquing and Enriching Heidegger's Ideas §5-2.4 Artefacts §5-2.5 Information and Communication 'Technology' ? §5-3. WHAT IS INFORMATION? §5-3.1 Some Theories of Information §5-3.2 A Systems View of Information: Data, Information and Knowledge §5-3.3 Problems with a Sequential View §5-3.4 A Dooyeweerdian Understanding of Information §5-3.5 What is information? §5-3.6 What is signified? §5-3.7 Existence and Persistence of Information §5-3.8 Example: Big Data and Data Mining §5-4. WHAT IS A COMPUTER? §5-4.1 Four Views of the Nature of Computers §5-4.2 Multi-aspectual Structure of Computers §5-4.3 The Multi-aspectual Functioning of a Computer §5-4.4 Some Implications §5-5. PROGRAMS, VIRTUAL WORLDS AND SOFTWARE §5-5.1 Program as Performance Art §5-5.2 Program as Virtual Law-Side §5-5.3 Virtual Worlds §5-5.4 Innards of a Computer §5-6. THE ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE QUESTION: "COMPUTER = HUMAN?" §5-6.1 On Comparing Computer to Human Being §5-6.2 A Dooyeweerdian Critique of the AI Debates §5-6.3 A Dooyeweerdian Resolution of the AI Debates §5-6.4 Benefits of a Dooyeweerdian Approach to the AI Question §5-7. TESTING DOOYEWEERD'S PHILOSOPHY? §5-8. CONCLUSION REFERENCES CHAPTER 6. ICT USE 6-1. INTRODUCTION §6-2. ATTEMPTS TO UNDERSTAND ICT USE §6-2.1 Discourses on Ease of Use and Interactions with Technology §6-2.2 Discourse on Organizational Issues in (Management) Information Systems §6-2.3 Discourse on the Effect of IT on Work and the Socio-technical Approach §6-2.4 Discourse on Knowledge-Intensive Organizational Functions §6-2.5 Discourse on ICT in its Wider Environment §6-2.6 Lack of Discourse on Home Computing, Computer Games and Computer Music and Art §6-2.7 Discourse on Information and Data Quality §6-2.8 Discourse on the Acceptance of Technology §6-2.9 Discourse on Information Systems Success §6-2.10 Discourse on what Usefulness and Net Benefit Are §6-2.11 Discourse on User, Artefact and Task §6-2.12 Discourse on Intensive or Innovative Use of ICT §6-2.13 Discourses on ICT Ethics and Normativity §6-2.14 Discourses on Non-use of ICT and Resistance §6-2.15 Discourse on Use of Features of ICT and their Affordance §6-2.16 Discourse on 'Meaningful' Use and Down-to-earth Issues §6-2.17 Discourse on Applications and Life Domains Overlooked by the IS Field §6-2.18 Reflections on the Discourses §6-3. AN ASPECTUAL ENGAGEMENTS FRAMEWORK FOR UNDERSTANDING ICT USE §6-3.1 Origins of the Framework §6-3.2 A New Aspectual Engagements Framework §6-3.3 ICT Use as Dooyeweerdian Law-Subject-object Functioning §6-3.4 Aspects of Engaging with Interface and Technology (EIT) §6-3.5 Engaging with Meaningful Content (EMC) §6-3.5.1 The diversity of engaging with meaningful content §6-3.5.2 Aspects of the Meaningful Content Engaged With §6-3.5.3 Quality of engagement with meaningful content §6-3.6 Engaging in Life with ICT (ELI) §6-3.7 Understanding Full ICT Use; The Example of Computer Procrastination §6-4. ENRICHING AND INTEGRATING THE DISCOURSES ON ICT USE §6-4.1 Discourse on Ease of Use and Interactions with Technology §6-4.2 Discourse on Organizational Issues in Information Systems §6-4.3 Discourse on the Effect of ICT on Workforce and Socio-technical Approaches §6-4.4 Discourse on Knowledge-Intensive Organizational Functions §6-4.5 Discourse on ICT in its Wider Environment §6-4.6 Lack of Discourse on Home Computing, Computer Games and Computer Music and Art §6-4.7 Discourse on Information and Data Quality §6-4.8 Discourse on the Acceptance of Technology §6-4.9 Discourse on Information Systems Success §6-4.10 Discourse on the Usefulness and Benefit of ICT Use §6-4.11 Discourse on User, Artefact and Task §6-4.12 Discourse on Intensive and Innovative Use of ICT §6-4.13 Discourses on ICT Ethics and Normativity §6-4.14 Discourses on Non-use of ICT and Resistance §6-4.15 Discourse on ICT Features and Affordance §6-4.16 Discourse on 'Meaningful' Use and Down-to-earth Issues §6-4.17 Silos of Discourse on Applications Overlooked by the IS Field and in Everyday Life Domains §6-4.18 Affirming, Critiquing and Enriching Discourses on ICT Use §6-5. CONCLUDING REMARKS REFERENCES CHAPTER 7. ICT FEATURES §7-1. INTRODUCTION: WHY FEATURES OF TECHNOLOGY ARE IMPORTANT §7-1.1 Examples of Interaction Possibilities §7-1.2 Examples of Innards §7-1.3 Examples of Protocols §7-1.4 Example of Whole Features §7-1.5 This Chapter §7-2. EXTANT DISCOURSES ON TECHNOLOGICAL FEATURES §7-2.1 Features Rather Than Products §7-2.2 The 'Materiality' of ICT §7-2.3 Discourse on Affordance §7-2.3.1 Affordance in the Field of Information Systems §7-2.3.2 Kinds of Affordance §7-2.3.3 Foundational Understanding of Affordance §7-2.4 Discourse on Normativity of Features §7-2.4.1 The norms of ease of use and information quality §7-2.4.2 The norm of appropriateness §7-2.4.3 Discourses on appropriateness §7-2.5 Overview §7-3. TOWARDS AN UNDERSTANDING OF ICT FEATURES §7-3.1 The Basic Proposal §7-3.2 A Dooyeweerdian Understanding of Materiality of ICT §7-3.3 A Dooyeweerdian Account of Affordance §7-3.3.1 Affordance as law-subject-object relationship §7-3.3.2 Classifying affordances §7-3.3.3 Benefits of this view §7-3.4 A Dooyeweerdian Account of Appropriateness §7-3.5 Conclusion §7-4. THE DESIGN AND COMPOSITION OF GOOD ICT FEATURES §7-4.1 Aspectual Interaction Possibilities §7-4.2 Aspectual Innards §7-4.2.1 Innards of Each Aspect §7-4.2.2 How this helps ICT developers §7-4.2.3 Aspect-Oriented Programming (AOP) §7-4.3 Understanding Transmission Protocols and File Formats §7-4.3.1 Aspects of protocols §7-4.3.2 Primary, Secondary and Tertiary Aspects of a Protocol §7-5. CONCLUSION REFERENCES CHAPTER 8. ICT AND SOCIETY §8-1. INTRODUCTION §8-2. EXTANT DISCOURSES ON ICT AND SOCIETY §8-2.1 Discourses about the Widespread Impacts of ICT: Problems and Benefits §8-2.2 ICT as Infrastructure §8-2.2.1 The Digital Divide §8-2.2.2 Surveillance §8-2.2.3 E-government (Electronic Government) §8-2.2.4 What is ICT as Infrastructure? §8-2.3 Discourse on The Impact ICT and Society have on Each Other §8-2.3.1 Freedom and Determination §8-2.3.2 Modernity and the Systematization of Society §8-2.3.3 Gender and Information Systesms §8-2.3.4 Structuration Theory §8-2.3.5 Socio-critical Theory, Emancipation and the Status Quo §8-2.4 Discourse about the Information Systems Discipline §8-2.5 Discourses about Technological Progress §8-2.6 Drawing This Together §8-3. APPLYING DOOYEWEERD'S CRITIQUE OF IMMANENCE PHILOSOPHY TO DISCOURSES ABOUT ICT AND SOCIETY §8-4. APPLYING DOOYEWEERD'S NOTION AND SUITE OF ASPECTS §8-4.1 Using Aspects to Situate Discourses §8-4.2 Aspects of Widespread Use of ICT §8-4.2.1 Identifying and relating the various issues of widespread impact §8-4.2.2 Aspects of functioning that leads to widespread impact; The example of climate change §8-4.3 The Role of Aspects in Societal Infrastructure §8-4.4 Gender and Information Systems §8-4.5 Possible Contributions to Structuration Theory §8-5. APPLYING DOOYEWEERD'S NOTION OF MEANINGFUL EXISTENCE, UMWELT AND CORRELATIVE ENKAPSIS §8-5.1 Organizations and Society §8-5.2 Infrastructure as Umwelt and Correlative Enkapsis §8-5.3 Further Contributions to Structuration Theory §8-5.4 Inter-Umwelt Interaction §8-6 APPLYING DOOYEWEERD'S VIEWS OF PROGRESS: DESTINY OF ICT §8-6.1 Progress as the Opening Up the Potential of Aspects §8-6.1.1 ICT as opening up the lingual aspect §8-6.1.2 On Modernity §8-6.1.3 Normative Direction of Progress §8-6.2 A Liberating Vision for Technology §8-6.3 The Dignity, Destiny and Responsibility of the Information Systems Discipline §8-7. SUMMARY AND CONCLUSION: THE MEANINGFULNESS OF ICT REFERENCES CHAPTER 9. ICT DEVELOPMENT §9-1. INTRODUCTION §9-2. DISCOURSES ABOUT DEVELOPMENT OF ICT AND INFORMATION SYSTEMS §9-2.1 Discourses on Computer Programming and Software Engineering §9-2.2 Discourses on Development of Software Libraries §9-2.3 Discourses on Management of ICT Development Projects §9-2.4 Discourses on the Development of Expert Systems §9-2.5 Discourses on Information Systems Development §9-2.5.1 Hirshheim, Klein & Lyytinen: Conceptual and Philosophical Foundations §9-2.5.2 Towards Pluralism: The Example of Multiview §9-2.5.3 The importance of down-to-earth issues §9-2.6 Discourses on the Development of Computer Games and Virtual Worlds §9-2.6.1 Principles of computer games development §9-2.6.2 Theory of computer games development §9-2.7 Discourses on the Development of Websites §9-2.7.1 The character of websites §9-2.7.2 Discourses on web development §9-2.8 Overview §9-3. RESPONSIBILITIES IN ICT DEVELOPMENT §9-3.1 Possibility and Responsibility §9-3.2 The Discourses §9-3.3 A Dooyeweerdian Understanding of ICT Development §9-4. RESPONSIBILITY FOR CREATING THE ARTEFACT §9-4.1 Extant Discourse on Responsibility for Artefact Creation §9-4.2 Aspects of Creating the ICT Artefact §9-4.3 Discussion of Aspects of Artefact Creation §9-5. RESPONSIBILITY FOR ANTICIPATING SITUATIONS OF USE §9-5.1 The Complexity of Anticipating Use §9-5.2 Aspects of Use that is Anticipated §9-5.3 Aspects of the Activity of Anticipating Use §9-6. RESPONSIBILITY FOR UNDERSTANDING THE DOMAIN §9-6.1 Domains §9-6.2 Knowledge of Domains §9-6.3 Eliciting Domain Knowledge §9-6.4 Creating New Worlds §9-6.5 Gamification §9-7. RESPONSIBILITY FOR ORCHESTRATING THE PROJECT §9-7.1 Aspects Important in Project-Orchestration §9-7.2 Principles of Agile Development §9-8. DRAWING THIS TOGETHER §9-9. CONCLUDING REMARKS REFERENCES PART III. CHAPTER 10. OVERVIEW AND REFLECTION §10-1. REFLECTION ON FOUNDATIONS §10-1.1 On Foundations for ICT and Information Systems As Such §10-1.2 The Frameworks §10-1.3 On Multiple Frameworks and a Single Philosophy §10-2. CROSS-CUTTING CONCERNS §10-2.1 Starting with Everyday Experience §10-2.2 Starting with Meaningfulness and its Diversity and Coherence §10-2.3 Incorporating Normativity §10-2.4 Independence from Conventional Philosophies §10-2.5 Listening, Affirming, Critiquing, Enriching §10-3. EXTENDING THE FRAMEWORKS §10-4. CONCLUSION REFERENCES CHAPTER 11. CONTRIBUTIONS AND LIMITATIONS §11-1. CONTRIBUTIONS TO THE INFORMATION SYSTEMS FIELD §11-2. CONTRIBUTIONS TO INFORMATION SYSTEMS RESEARCH §11-3. POSSIBLE CONTRIBUTIONS TO PHILOSOPHY? §11-4. LIMITATIONS OF THIS DISCUSSION §11-4.1 Limitations in the Reviews of Discourses §11-4.2 My Interpretation of Dooyeweerd's Philosophy §11-4.3 Criticism of Dooyeweerd's Philosophy §11-5. CONCLUSION REFERENCES CHAPTER 12. OPPORTUNITIES AND RECOMMENDATIONS §12-2. THE ROLE OF FOUNDATIONS §12-3. OPPORTUNITIES FOR RESEARCH AND PRACTICE §12-4. OPPORTUNITIES TO ENHANCE PRACTICE §12-5. OPPORTUNITIES FOR RESEARCH IN EACH AREA OF THE IS FIELD §12-6. SOME OPPORTUNITIES FOR CHANGING THE WAY WE SEE THINGS: PARADIGM DEVELOPMENT §12-7. OPPORTUNITIES FOR DIRECTION, PHILOSOPHICAL UNDERPINNINGS OR PHILOSOPHY ITSELF §12-8. WHAT NOW? §12-8.1 How To Carry On This Work §12-8.2 Attitudes and Approaches REFERENCES